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Concept module

Solubility and Saturation

Keep dissolved amount, excess solid, and current capacity in one beaker so saturation reads like a visible limit instead of a slogan.

Interactive lab

Keep the stage, graph, and immediate control feedback in one working view.

Solubility and saturation

Keep dissolved material, excess solid, and the current capacity on one beaker so saturation reads as a limit rather than a slogan.

Graphs

Switch graph views without breaking the live stage and time link.

Dissolved vs solute

One graph shows how the dissolved amount changes as total solute rises, another shows how the excess solid grows after saturation, and two more show how capacity changes with solvent volume and solubility limit. Graph hover and compare mode stay attached to the same chemistry bench instead of opening a separate chemistry-only view.

solute amount: 0 to 18dissolved amount: 0 to 16

Dissolved amount

Hover or scrub to link the graph back to the stage.solute amount / dissolved amount

Controls

Adjust the live parameters and watch the bench respond.

Solute amount

n

8.4

Solvent volume

V

1.4

Solubility limit

s

5.6

Presets

Predict -> manipulate -> observe

Keep the active prompt next to the controls so each change has an immediate visible consequence.

Graph readingPrompt 1 of 2

Changing the solubility limit changes the capacity itself, not just the concentration readout.

Try this

Increase the solubility limit and watch how the same beaker moves farther below the saturation threshold.

Equation map

See each variable before you move it.

Select a symbol to highlight the matching control and the graph or overlay it most directly changes.

n

Solute amount

8.4

Changes how much material the beaker is trying to dissolve.

Graph: Dissolved vs soluteGraph: Excess vs soluteOverlay: Dissolved cueOverlay: Excess pile

Equations in play

Choose an equation to sync the active symbol, control highlight, and related graph mapping.

More tools

Detailed noticing prompts, guided overlays, and challenge tasks stay available without taking over the main bench.

Hide

What to notice

Keep the beaker and the saturation gauge in view together.

Graph readingPrompt 1 of 2

Changing the solubility limit changes the capacity itself, not just the concentration readout.

Try this

Increase the solubility limit and watch how the same beaker moves farther below the saturation threshold.

Why it matters

It keeps solubility distinct from concentration.

Control: Solubility limitGraph: Capacity vs solvent volumeGraph: Saturation vs solubility limitOverlay: Saturation gauge

Guided overlays

Focus one overlay at a time to see what it represents and what to notice in the live motion.

3 visible

Overlay focus

Saturation gauge

Show the current capacity and how close the beaker is to the limit.

What to notice

The dissolved amount can stop increasing even when the total solute keeps rising.

Why it matters

It makes the solubility limit visible as a real capacity instead of a slogan.

Control: Solute amountControl: Solvent volumeControl: Solubility limitGraph: Dissolved vs soluteGraph: Capacity vs solvent volumeGraph: Saturation vs solubility limitEquation

n

Equation

V

Equation

s

Challenge mode

Use capacity honestly: do not hide the excess by removing the solute that caused it.

0/1 solved

ConditionCore

2 of 6 checks

Dissolve the excess without removing solute

Starting from a saturated beaker, make the excess pile disappear while keeping the same total solute amount.

Graph-linkedGuided start

Pending

Open the Capacity vs solvent volume graph.

Dissolved vs solute

Matched

Keep the Saturation gauge visible.

Matched

Keep the Excess pile visible.

Pending

Keep solute amount between 10.5 and 11.1.

8.4

Pending

Keep excess amount between 0 and 0.2.

0.56

Pending

Keep capacity between 10.8 and 16.

7.84

The checklist updates from the live simulation state, active graph, overlays, inspect time, and compare setup.

The beaker holds 7.84 units of dissolved solute in 1.4 units of solvent. The solubility limit is 5.6 per volume, so the current capacity is about 7.84. The solution is saturated, so some solute must remain undissolved at the current conditions.

Equation detailsDeeper interpretation, notes, and worked variable context.

Capacity rule

Capacity depends on the current solubility limit and the amount of solvent.

n_{cap} = s V

V

Solvent volume 1.4

s

Solubility limit 5.6

Dissolved amount

The dissolved amount cannot rise above the current capacity.

n_{dissolved} = min (n_{solute}, n_{cap})

n

Solute amount 8.4

s

Solubility limit 5.6

Excess solid

Any solute above the current capacity stays visible as undissolved material.

n_{excess} = max (n_{solute} - n_{cap}, 0)

n

Solute amount 8.4

s

Solubility limit 5.6

Concentration

Concentration only counts what is actually dissolved in the solvent.

c = \frac{n _{dissolved}}{V}

V

Solvent volume 1.4

Progress

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Let the live model runChange one real controlOpen What to notice

Try this setup

Jump to a named bench state or copy the one you are looking at now. Shared links reopen the same controls, graph, overlays, and compare context.

Featured setups

Room to dissolve

Open a beaker that still has room for more solute under the current conditions.

At the limit

Open a saturated beaker with visible excess solid.

Saved setups

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Stable links

Starter track

Step 2 of 40 / 4 complete

Solutions and pH

Earlier steps still set up Solubility and Saturation.

1. Concentration and Dilution2. Solubility and Saturation3. Acid-Base / pH Intuition4. Buffers and Neutralization

Previous step: Concentration and Dilution.

Start from track beginning

Short explanation

What the system is doing

Solubility is the current cap on how much solute can stay dissolved. Saturation is what you see when that cap is reached and the extra material has to remain visible instead of quietly dissolving.

This bench keeps dissolved amount, excess solid, and capacity in the same beaker so concentration and solubility stay connected without collapsing into the same idea.

Key ideas

01Concentration describes how much is already dissolved per amount of solvent.

02Solubility describes the current maximum that can stay dissolved under the current conditions.

03Once the beaker saturates, adding more solute changes the excess pile more than the dissolved amount.

Worked example

Read the full frozen walkthrough.

Frozen walkthrough

Read the live beaker state rather than a detached table.

Live worked examples are available on Premium. You can still read the full frozen walkthrough on the free tier.

View plans

Frozen valuesUsing frozen parameters

For the current mixture, how much solute can stay dissolved before the beaker saturates?

n

Solute amount

8.4

V

Solvent volume

1.4

s

Solubility limit

5.6

1. Read the current limit

The current solubility limit is 5.6 units per volume.

2. Use the solvent volume to find the current capacity

With 1.4 units of solvent, the beaker can currently hold about 7.84 units of dissolved solute.

3. Compare the total solute with the capacity

The beaker contains 8.4 units of solute, so the undissolved excess is 0.56 units whenever the total rises above capacity.

Current capacity

n_{cap} \approx 7.84

The beaker has reached the current dissolving capacity, so the extra material has to remain visible as excess solid.

Common misconception

If more solid is visible, the solution must always be more concentrated.

Visible solid can simply mean the system is saturated and has run out of dissolving capacity.

A saturated beaker can hold the same dissolved amount even while the total solute keeps increasing.

Mini challenge

Make the excess solid disappear without removing any solute from the beaker.

Prediction prompt

Decide whether the cleaner move is to add solvent or to raise the solubility limit before you try it.

Check your reasoning

You can add solvent or raise the solubility limit so more of the same solute can stay dissolved.

Both moves increase capacity. Removing solute would be a different chemistry story.

Quick test

Reasoning

Question 1 of 2

Answer from the live beaker story instead of a memorized slogan.

What does saturation most directly mean on this bench?

Choose one answer to reveal feedback, then test the idea in the live system if a guided example is available.

Accessible description

The simulation shows a solution beaker, a saturation gauge, and a visible excess-solid cue alongside controls for solute amount, solvent volume, and the current solubility limit.

A readout card reports the total solute, current capacity, dissolved amount, excess solid, and concentration so the learner can connect the visual bench to the numeric summary.

Graph summary

Graph hover and compare mode stay attached to the same chemistry bench instead of opening a separate chemistry-only view.

Keep moving through the concept map.

These suggestions come from the concept registry, so the reason label reflects either curated guidance or the fallback progression logic.

Carry the same beaker language into acid-base balance and pHSolutions and pH