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Kirchhoff 迴路與節點規則

模擬載入中

Open Model Lab 正在為這個概念準備即時實驗台、控制項與圖表區。

總結

你學會了甚麼

建議下一步
打開概念測驗不離開這個概念,先確認核心想法是否已經掌握。
接下來讀甚麼
等效電阻Reduce the same network

關鍵重點

  1. At a split node, charge does not pile up: the incoming current equals the outgoing branch currents, so the live parallel case obeys I_total = I_2 + I_3.
  2. Around a closed loop, choose one walking direction and sign convention; the battery rise and resistor drops then add to zero.

常見迷思

Kirchhoff's rules are separate formulas you memorize after the circuit already makes sense.

The rules are conservation statements for the same live circuit you can already see: current does not disappear at a node, and energy per charge does not appear from nowhere around a closed loop.

  1. Junction rule

    Charge does not disappear at a node, so incoming current must match outgoing current.

  2. Current split at the grouped node

    In the parallel grouped case, the source current splits into the two branch currents and recombines later.

為什麼會這樣

解釋

Kirchhoff 節點規則說明流入一個節點的電流總量必須等於流出的總量。Kirchhoff 迴路規則則說明沿一個閉合迴路走一圈,電壓升與電壓降要互相平衡。

這個頁面把兩條規則放進同一個小型分支電路。你可以把方程讀數和畫面上的電流、電壓降對照,避免把規則只當成抽象符號操作。

重點

01At a split node, charge does not pile up: the incoming current equals the outgoing branch currents, so the live parallel case obeys I_total = I_2 + I_3.
02Around a closed loop, choose one walking direction and sign convention; the battery rise and resistor drops then add to zero.
03Kirchhoff's rules do not replace Ohm's law. They work with V = IR to turn the same live currents and drops into solvable equations.

例題

Live Kirchhoff checks

想逐步查看同一個概念如何被帶出來時,再打開這些例題。

凍結步驟

逐步查看凍結例題

凍結步驟
Use the exact grouped circuit on screen. First read the split-node currents, then trace one loop with a single sign convention so the numbers and equations stay connected.

支持者方案會解鎖已儲存學習工具、精確狀態分享,以及支援這條引導流程的更深入複習面板。

查看方案
例題 1 / 2
凍結數值使用凍結參數

For the current grouped circuit, what current-balance equation does the active node obey, and what current passes through R3?

Battery voltage

12 V

Grouped resistor 2

6 ohm

Grouped resistor 3

12 ohm

1. Start from the live path structure

The highlighted group is parallel right now, so one source current reaches the split node and becomes two branch currents.

2. Write the current-balance equation

.

3. Substitute the live current values

.

4. Read or solve the R3 branch current

That leaves .

Junction balance

At the split node, the total current is being conserved by becoming the two branch currents. The larger-resistance branch keeps the smaller current.

快速測驗

正在載入已保存的測驗狀態。

無障礙

無障礙

當你需要把模擬與圖表轉成文字描述時,再打開這裡。

The simulation shows one battery on the left, one outer resistor R1 on the top path, and a highlighted two-resistor group on the right. The group can appear either as two parallel branches with a real split node or as one series path with no split node.

Overlays can show current arrows, voltage labels, a node guide, a loop guide, and the reduction cue. The readout card and graphs update from the same grouped circuit.

圖表摘要

The current graph shows total current together with the R2 and R3 branch currents as R3 changes. The voltage-share graph shows the R1 drop, the grouped-block drop, and the live R3 drop for the same sweep. Use them as response summaries of the same grouped circuit rather than as a second model.

工作台工具與分享連結

先把穩定概念連結和精確狀態分享收起來,等你真的要重新打開或分享工作台時再展開。

試試這個設定

跳到某個命名好的實驗台狀態,或直接複製你目前正在看的狀態。分享連結會重新打開同一組控制、圖表、疊層與比較脈絡。

已儲存設定

已儲存設定屬於支持者方案學習工具;穩定的概念連結仍會對所有人保留。

正在確認已儲存設定權限

Open Model Lab 正在判斷這個實驗台可否只儲存在本機、同步到帳戶,或打開只限支持者方案的比較工具。

複製目前設定

精準狀態分享屬於支持者方案功能;穩定的概念與段落連結仍然可用。

穩定連結

進度與下一步

把進度訊號、入門路徑接續和複習提示留在頁面裡,但不要讓它們和主要學習流程搶焦點。

進度

正在載入進度

正在為這個瀏覽器或已同步帳戶載入已儲存的概念進度,稍後才會顯示完成狀態。